The article focuses on two contradictory trends of Muhammad Shah’s reign in India (1719–1748), namely, the increasing political decline of the once mighty Mughal Empire along with a palpable cultural growth of its capital. 

The article discusses the role of Islam in the origin of Hui (Dungan) ofChinaand in the life of Dungan of Central Asia. After resettlement into the Russian Empire in the 80-ies of the XIX century, Dungan were involved in the formation of a new cultural community.

The development of Islamic education inKyrgyzstanandKazakhstanpassed several historical stages. At this stage, Islamic education of Dungan has lost its Chinese features and has become close to the world of Islamic educational system. 

The paper raises the question of the authenticity of the Quran’s translation by Musa Bigiev published in 2010. The author considers a number of issues that made him doubt that the text was written by the famous Tatar Muslim scholar, as it is claimed. This work shows how the author examined his hypothesis and what it reveals. 

The article is focused on analysis of changes in Church-state relations, the direction of atheistic Soviet policy on the side of the religious exemptions, the organization of the activities of the spiritual administration of Muslims and the reasons for the resumption of the pilgrimage tradition of the Muslims during the war years, after a long break.

The article deals with the actual problem of the study, preservation and development of traditional forms of social and religious life in the modern Tatar Muslim community. In this vein, we study the development of religious and legal thinking of the Tatars, the place and role of the Hanafi legal school, the evolution of the perception of religious law schools among the most famous representatives of the Tatar social thought. We also examine points of theologians of different historical periods oт the madhhab, ijtihad, taqlid of the general line in the religious and law thought of the Ta-tars in the XVIII — beginning of the XX century.

The article is devoted to the history of the mosques construction inPetropavlovskcity (Kazakhstan). At the end of the XVIII century the government tried to build the first stone mosque in the city, but it was not successful. In the second half of the twentieth century Petropav-lovsk had six stone mosques. In Soviet period all mosques were adapted for domestic needs or destroyed bynew cityadministration. Nowadays, in the epoch of independentKazakhstan, the city administration has returned two ancient mosques to Muslim communities. Two other mosques are continued to be used not as they should be used.

The article describes the Indonesian Government using non-violent methods in withstanding the spread of radicalism in contemporaryIndonesia. The article analyzes the development of de-radicalization program aimed at the rehabilitation of the former terrorists and supporters of violent methods of the Islamization of the country — the jihadists. The main tools are such methods of struggle against terrorism and extremism, as de-radicalization, rehabilitation and reintegration into society, and most importantly — the elimination of roots and causes of terrorism. This article provides details on how the use of the “soft power” in withstanding extremism works, as well as successes and difficulties in implementing this program.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the religious situation among the Crimean Tatars, which came after events of the spring 2014. The article deals with the change in the identity structure of the Crimean Tatars and with the perception of the role of Islam in the life of the people. The assessments of respondents regarding changes in conditions in the development of Islam inCrimeaand the situation in the intra-Muslim dialogue are given within. The author draws attention to the dominance of survival / self-preservation values among the Crimean Tatars, and to the growing influence of traditional values, among which an important role is assigned to Islam.

The article analyzes the interdisciplinary aspects of the methodology of history connected with the social functions of religion. It is a question of the historicity and relevance of the major problems of human existence. These problems and ways of its solution are important not only in the religious but also in the secular culture. General theoretical reasoning is based primarily on the materials of the Abrahamic religions, including Islam. 

The article deals with the intellectual origins of the internal contradictions in the complex system of Islam and its philosophy. The author concludes: one of the causes of intellectual disagreement in Is-lam, capable of causing extremist aspiration, might be a contradiction between the irrationalistic and rationalistic type of thinking in the theoretical understanding base of Islam by its believers. Actually, the Muslim theology and philosophy must allow the Muslim to take the final humanist position of ideological pluralism and tolerance.