Preview

Islam in the modern world

Advanced search

On the Concept of ittisal in Ibn Sina’s Noetics

https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2025-21-4-161-182

Abstract

The article examines the approach of the foremost philosopher of classical Islam, Ibn Sina (Avicenna; c. 980–1037), to a fundamental epistemological question raised by Aristotle in his treatise “On the Soul” (431b17–19), which did not receive further development in his works: the possibility for the mind, residing in the human body, to conceive the immaterial intelligibiles. The paper explores the Avicenna’s critique of the concept of the union (ittiḥād) of the knower and the known, which by that time had become widespread among the Peripatetics and was usually traced back to the Neoplatonist Porphyry (234?–305? C.E). In this context, the author analyzes the doctrine of the ascent of the Gnostic outlined by the philosopher in his work “Remarks and Admonitions”.

About the Author

N. V. Efremova
Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation

Natalia V. EFREMOVA, Cand. Sci. (Philos.), senior research fellow, Center for Arab and Islamic Studies

12 Rojdestvenka Str., Moscow, 107031



References

1. Alexander of Aphrodisias. (1990). De intellectu. Schroeder F. M., Todd R. B. Two Greek Aristotelian commentators on the intellect. Toronto: Pontifi cal Institute of Mediaeval Studies, pp. 45–58.

2. [Alexander of Aphrodisias]. (1979). The De Anima of Alexander of Aphrodisias, A. P. Fotinis (transl. and comment.). Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 346 p.

3. D’Ancona Costa C. (1999). Porphyry, universal soul and the Arabic Plotinus. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vol. 9, pp. 47–88.

4. Aristotel’. Metafizika (1976). Aristotel’. Sochineniia [Aristotle. Works]. In 4 vols. Vol. 1. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., pp. 63–367. (In Russian)

5. Aristotel’. (1940). O vozniknovenii zhivotnyh [On Generation of Animals]. V. P. Karpov (transl.). Moscow-Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR Publ. 250 p. (In Russian)

6. Aristotel’. (1976). O dushe [On the Soul]. Aristotel’. Sochineniia [Aristotle. Works]. In 4 vols. Vol. 1. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., pp. 369–448. (In Russian) Altmann A. (1969). Ibn Bajja on Man’s Ultimate Felicity. Altmann A. Studies in Religious Philosophy and Mysticism. London: Routledge and Keagan Paul, pp. 73–107.

7. Averroes (1938–1949). Tafsīr Ma-Ba‘d at-Tabī‘at, M. Bouges (ed.). Vol. 1–3 (continuous numbering). Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique. 1753, [317] p. (In Arab)

8. [Averroes]. (1869). Drei Abhandlungen über die Conjunction des separaten Intellect mit dem Menschen. Von Averroes (Vater und Sohn), aus dem Arabischen übersetzt von Samuel Ibn Tibbon, J. Hercz (ed. and transl.). Berlin: H. G. Hermann. xiv, 63, 24 p. (In German)

9. Comay del Junco E. (2024). Ibn Sīnā. Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Λ 6–10. British Journal for the History of Philosophy. DOI: 10.1080/09608788.2024.2319860

10. Corbin H. (1954). Avicenne et le récit visionnaire. Teheran: Société des monuments nationaux, 1954. 343, 112 p. (In French)

11. Davidson H. (1992). Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes on Intellect. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. x, 363 p.

12. Efremova N. V. (2015). Islam. Filosofi ia, religiia, kultura. [Islam. Philosophy, Religion, Culture]. Moscow: Nauka-Vostochnaia literatura Publ. 183 p. (In Russian)

13. Efremova N. V. (1998). Noologiia vostochnykh peripatetikov [Noology of Eastern Peripatetics]. Srednevekovaya arabskaya fi losofiya [Medieval

14. Arabic Philosophy]. Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura Publ., pp. 146–174. (In Russian)

15. Efremova N. V. (2024). Ob intellektualistskoi intentsii falsafskoi felisitologii [On Intellectual Intention of Falsafa’s Felicitology]. Islam v sovremennom mire [Islam in the modern world]. Vol. 20. No. 3, pp. 93–110. DOI: 10.22311/2074-1529-2024-20-3-93-110 (In Russian)

16. Efremova N. V. (2024). O filosofskoi psihologii Ibn-Badzhzhi [On Ibn Bajja’s Philosophical Psychology]. Islam v sovremennom mire [Islam in the modern world]. Vol. 20. No. 4, pp. 73–92. DOI: 10.22311/2074-1529-2024-20-4-73-92 (In Russian)

17. Gardet L. (1951). La pensée réligieuse d’Avicenne (Ibn Sina). Paris: Vrin. 240 p. (In French)

18. Goichon A.-M. (1951). Livre des directives et remarques: (Kitāb al-Išārātwa l-tanbīhāt). Beirut: Commission internationale pour la traduction des chefs-d’oeuvre, 1951. 552 p. (In French)

19. Gutas D. (2022). Ittisāl, contact, of the human and supernal intellects in Avicenna: the goal of ethics, the foundation of epistemology. Penser avec Avicenne: De l’héritage grec à la réception latine, en hommage à Jules Janssens, D. De Smet, M. Sebti (eds.). Leuven — Paris — Bristol, Ct: Peeters Publishers, pp. 169–178. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv2tjdg2t (In French)

20. Hernández M. C. (2011). Tres escritos esotéricos: Estudio preliminar, traducción y notas. Madrid: Tecnos, 2011. lxxxiii, 106 p. (In Spanish)

21. [Ibn Rushd]. (1953). Averrois Cordubensis Commentarium Magnum in Aristotelis De Anima Libros. Cambridge, Massachussetts: The Medieval Academy of America. xxiv, 592 p. (In Latin)

22. Ibn Rushd. (1971). Tahafut at-Tahafut, S. Dunya (ed.). Cairo: Dar al-ma‘arif Publ. Vol. 1–2 (continuous numbering). 1006 p. (In Arabic)

23. Ibn Rushd. (1950) Talkhīs kitab an-Nafs, al-Ahwany A. F. (ed.). Cairo: Maktabat an-Nahda al-Misriyya Publ., pp. 1–101. (In Arabic)

24. Ibn Rushd. (1982). The Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect by Ibn Rushd with the Commentary of Moses Narboni, K. P. Bland (ed.). N.Y.: The Jewish Theological Seminar; Ktav Publ., 1982. 151 p. (In English), 155 p. (In Hebrew)

25. Ibn Rushd Abu Muhammad Abdallah. (2022). O tom, soediniaet’sia li aktivnyi intellekt s material’nym, kogda tot oblachen v telo [On whether the active intellect unites with the material when the latter is embodied], P. V. Sokolov (transl., introduction). Platonovskie issledovaniya [Platonic Studies]. Iss. 17. No. 2, pp. 178–198. (In Russian)

26. Ibragim T. K., Efremova N. V. (2014). Musulmanskaia religioznaia fi losofi ia [Muslim Religious Philosophy]. Kazan: Kazan University Publ. 236 p. (In Russian)

27. Ibn-Sina (Avicenna). (2024). Istselenie: Teologiia [The Healing: Theology], T. Ibragim (transl., introduction). In 2 vols. Moscow: Institut vostoko-vedeniya RAN Publ.; izd-vo Sadra Publ. Vol. 1. 720 p.; Vol. 2. 610 p. (In Russian)

28. [Ibn Sina]. (2014). Commentaire sur le Livre Lambda de la Métaphysique d’Aristôte (Chapitres 6–10) par Ibn Sina (Avicenne), Geoff roy M. (transl., comm.), Janssens J. (transl., notes), Sebti M. (transl., comm.). Paris: Vrin. 120 p. (In Arabic; In French)

29. Ibn Sina. (1984). Al-Mabda’ wa-l-ma‘ad, Nūranī (ed.). Tehran: McGill University (Institute of Islamic Studies, Tehran branch). 121 p. (In Arabic)

30. Ibn Sina (Avicenna). (2019). Ukazaniia i napominaniia. Chast’ chetvertaia [Remarks and Admonitions. Part four]. (Translation from Arabic into Russian, comments and introduction by T. Ibrahim and N. V. Efremova). Orientalistika. Vol. 2. No. 2, pp. 337–374. DOI: 10.31696/2618-7043-2019-2-2-337-374. (In Russian)

31. Ibn Sina (Avicenna). (2019). Ukazaniya i napominaniya. Chast chetvertaya [Remarks and Admonitions. Part five]. (Translation from Arabic into Russian, comments and introduction by T. Ibrahim and N. V. Efremova). Orientalistika. Vol. 2. No. 3, pp. 634–676. DOI: 10.31696/2618-7043-2019-2-3-634-676. (In Russian)

32. Inati Sh. C. (1996). Ibn Sīnā and Mysticism: Remarks and Admonitions, Part Four. London: Kegan Paul International. xiii, 114 p.

33. Janssens J. L. (2015). Ibn Sīnā: A Philosophical Mysticism or a Philosophy of Mysticism? Mediterranea. International Journal for the Transfer of Knowledge. No. 1, pp. 37–54. DOI: 10.21071/mijtk.v0i1.5172.

34. Kutsch W. (1954). Ein arabisches Bruchstück aus Porphyrios (?) περί ψυχής und die Frage des Verfassers der Theologie des Aristoteles. Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph. Beyrouth. Vol. 31, pp. 263–286. (In German)

35. Laurens H. (2024). Nous and Divinity in Aristotle’s Metaphysics Lambda. Phronesis. No. 69, pp. 439–467.

36. Lobel D. (2000). Between Mysticism and Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. x, 277 p.

37. Massie P. (2013). Touching, Thinking, Being: The Sense of Touch in Aristotle’s De anima and Its Implications. Minerva. An Internet Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 17, pp. 74–101.

38. Marmura E. (1991). Plotting the Course of Avicenna’s Thought. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 111. No. 2, pp. 333–342.

39. Mesyac S. V. (2021). Kritika Aristotelem principa «Podobnoe poznaetsya podobnym» (Kommentarii k «O dushe» II.5, 416b 32–417a 20) [Aristotle’s criticism of the “like is known by like” principle (Commentary on De anima ii 5, 416b 32–417a 20)]. ΣΧΟΛΗ. Vol. 15. Iss. 1, pp. 307–325. (In Russian)

40. Plotin. (2019). Chetvertaya Enneada. Kniga 2 [Fourth Ennead. Book 2]. Enneady. V 6 t. [Plotinus. Enneads. In 6 vols.], T. G. Sidash (transl.). St Petersburg: Kvadrivium Publ. 240 p. (In Russian)

41. Plotin. (2021). Shestaya Enneada [Sixth Ennead]. Kniga 2. Enneady. V 6 t. [Plotinus. Enneads. In 6 vols.]. Per. T. G. Sidash. SPb.: Kvadrivium Publ. 272 p. (In Russian)

42. Plotinus. (1984). Ennead IV.1–9. Enneads. In 7 vols, A. H. Armstrong (transl. to English). Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard U. P. 464 p.

43. [Plotinus]. (1977). Plotinus apud Arabes. Theologia Aristotelis et fragmenta quae supersunt, A. Badawi (ed.). Kuwait: Editio Tertia. 258 p. (In Arab)

44. [Porphyrius]. (1993). Porphyrii philosophi fragmenta. Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana, A. Smith (ed.); D. Wasserstein (transl.). Stuttgart/Leipzig: Teubner Verlag. 653 p. (In Greek)

45. Rapoport M. (2023). Science of the Soul in Ibn Sīnā’s Pointers and Reminders. A Philological Study. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies. Vol. 122. Leiden: Brill. 329 p.

46. Rapoport M. (2019). Sufi Vocabulary, but Avicennan Philosophy. The Sufi Terminology in Chapters VIII–X of Ibn Sīnā’s alIšārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt. Oriens. No. 47, pp. 145–196.

47. Rosen S. H. (1961). Thought and touch. A note on Aristotle’s De Anima. Phronesis. Vol. 6. No. 2, pp. 127–137.

48. Sagadeev A. V. (1985). Ibn-Sina. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ. 222 p.

49. Solopova M. A. (2008). Antichnaia fi losofiia. Vvedenie [Ancient philosophy. Introduction]. Antichnaya filosofiya: Enciklopedicheskij slovar [Ancient philosophy. Encyclopedic Dictionary]. Moscow: ProgressTradiciya Publ., pp. 32–45.

50. [Themistius]. (1990). Themistius’ Paraphrase of Aristoteles De Anima. Two Greek Aristotelian Commentators on the Intellect. F. M. Schroeder (introduction, transl., comm.), R. B. Todd (introduction, transl., comm.). Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, pp. 77–133.

51. at-Tūsī Nasīraddīn. (2007). Sharh. al-’Ishārāt wa-t-tanbīhāt. In 2 vols. Qom: Bustān-i kitb Publ. Vol. 2 (continuous numbering). (In Arabic)


Review

For citations:


Efremova N.V. On the Concept of ittisal in Ibn Sina’s Noetics. Islam in the modern world. 2025;21(4):161-182. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2025-21-4-161-182

Views: 142

JATS XML


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2074-1529 (Print)
ISSN 2618-7221 (Online)