Jadidism as a New Type of Religiousity: Essay on Preliminary Conceptualization
https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2022-18-4-43-64
Abstract
The present article focuses on understanding the phenomenon of Jadidism in the context of the global Islamic renewal movement. It consists of an introduction, two paragraphs and a conclusion. In the introduction, the author indicates the relevance and extent of discussion of the topic. It emphasizes the admissibility of various approaches to the thematization of this phenomenon. The first paragraph deals with some modern concepts in the historiography of the Jadid issue. It also criticizes an attempt to shut down this issue with a revisionist deconstruction of the opposition between Jadidism and Kadimism as presented in the works of D. DeWeese and some of his Russian supporters. The author argues for the absence of serious grounds for rejecting this opposition, for the rhetorical nature of its criticism and for the irrelevance of the revisionists’ arguments. In the second paragraph, the author shifts the focus from criticism of opponents to a “positive” presentation of some of the fundamental theses that must be taken into account when studying the Jadid movement. Based on the conceptual distinction between religiosity and religion, the author describes Jadidism as a new type of religiosity that has emerged as a result of responding to the challenges of modernity. At the same time, the term “modernity” itself is interpreted in the light of the theory of multiple versions of modernity. This helps to avoid an overly facile evaluation of Islamic modernism as an inherently Eurocentric phenomenon. Furthermore, the second paragraph points out that Islamic modernism, including Jadidism, is deeply rooted in the Islamic tradition of tajdid. The author concludes with his interpretation of the essence of the Jadid project.
About the Author
D. V. MukhetdinovRussian Federation
Damir V. Mukhetdinov, D. Sci. (Theol.), rector of Moscow Islamic Institute; Professor of the Faculty of Asian and African Studies of Saint Petersburg State University
12, Kirova Lane, 109382, Moscow,
11, Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034
References
1. Abduh, M. (2021). Traktat o edinobozhii [Treatise on the Oneness of God]. Moscow: Medina.
2. Ahmad Khan, S. (2022). Izbrannye proizvedeniya [Selected Works]. Moscow: Medina.
3. Al-Afghani, J. (2021). Otvet materialistam [A Response to Materialists]. Moscow: Medina.
4. Al-Janabi, M. (2010). Teologiya i filosofiya al-Gazali [Theology and Philosophy of al-Ghazali]. Moscow: Marjani.
5. Almazova, L. I. (2020). Nezatihayushchie spory vokrug fenomena tatarskogo dzhadidizma [Continuing Controversy Around the Phenomenon of Tatar Jadidism]. Islamology. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 2. Pp. 180–187.
6. Árnason, J. (2021). Civilizacionnye patterny i istoricheskie processy [Civilizational Patterns and Historical Processes]. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.
7. Asad, T. (2017). Ideya antropologii islama [The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam]. Islamology. 2017. No. 1. Pp. 41–60.
8. Babakhanov, Sh. (1999). Muftij Ziyauddinhan ibn Eshon Babahan: zhizn’ i deyatel’nost’ [Mufti Ziyauddinkhan ibn Ishan Babakhan: Life and Work]. Tashkent: Uzbekiston Milliy Encyclopediasi.
9. Bigi, M. (1917). Islahat Asaslari [Introduction to the Theory of Reform]. Petrograd.
10. Bigiev M. (1907). Adabiyat ‘arabiya ila ‘ulum islamiya [Literature of Arabia and Islamic Sciences]. Lito-Printing House of I. N. Kharitonov. 1907. Kazan.
11. Bigiev, M. (2022). Nekotorye aktual’nye problemy nashego obschestva [Some Relevant Problems of Our Society]. Moscow: Medina.
12. Validov, J (1998). Ocherk istorii obrazovannosti i literatury u tatar [The History of Education and Literature of Tatars: an Outline]. Kazan: Iman.
13. DeWeese, D. (2016). It was a Dark and Stagnant Night (‘til the Jadids Brought the Light): Clichés, Biases, and False Dichotomies in the Intellectual History of Central Asia. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 2016. Vol. 59, Iss. 1–2. Pp. 37–92.
14. Dolgieva, M. B., Kharsiev, B. M.-G. (2015). Vklad musul’manskih prosvetitelej v razvitie obshchestvennoj mysli Ingushetii (vtoraya polovina XIX — nachala XX v.) [The Contribution of Muslim Educators to the Development of Social Thought in Ingushetia (The Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries)]. Materialy II Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-obrazovatel’noj konferencii «Bigievskie chteniya» po teme «Musul’manskaya mysl’ v XXI veke: edinstvo tradicii i obnovleniya». [Materials of the Second International Scientific and Educational Conference “Bigievskie chteniya” under the theme “Muslim thought in the XXI century: the unity of tradition and renewal”]. St. Petersburg, 17–20.05.2015.
15. Fakhretdin, R. (1914). Dini vė ijtimagyh meseleler [Religious and Social Issues]. Orenburg.
16. Iskhakov, D. M. (1997). Fenomen tatarskogo dzhadidizma: vvedenie k sociokul’turnomu osmysleniyu [The Phenomenon of Tatar Jadidism: an Introduction to the Sociocultural Understanding]. Kazan: Iman.
17. Iqbal, M. (2023). The Development of Metaphysics in Persia: A Contribution to the History of Muslim Philosophy. Moscow: Medina. (In Russ).
18. Iqbal, M. (2020). Rekonstrukciya religioznoj mysli v islame [The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam]. Moscow: Sadra.
19. Kemper, M. (2008). Sufii i uchenye v Tatarstane i Bashkortostane. Islamskij diskurs pod russkim gospodstvom [Sufis and Scholars in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. Islamic Discourse under Russian Domination]. Kazan: Russian Islamic University. (In Russ).
20. Khalid, A. (1998). The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform. Jadidism in Central Asia. Berkeley, LA and London University of California Press.
21. Kuznetsov, V. A. (2017). Postsekulyarnyj vek neomoderna. Blizhnevostochnyj izvod [The Post-Secular Age of the Neomodern in the Middle East]. Gosudarstvo, religiia, cerkov’ v Rossii i za rubezhom. 2017. Vol. 35, Iss. 3. Pp. 85–111.
22. Landau-Tasseron, E. (1989). The “Cyclical Reform”: A Study of Mujaddid Tradition. Studia Islamica. 1989. No. 70. Pp. 79–117.
23. Kurzman, Ch. (Еd.) (2002). Modernist Islam, 1840–1940. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
24. Marash, I. (2005). Religioznoe obnovlenie v tyurkskom mire (1850–1917) [Religious Renewal in the Turkic World (1850–1917)]. Kazan: Iman.
25. Mukhetdinov, D. V. (2014). Husain Faizkhan — klassik tatarskogo prosveshcheniya, istorii i pedagogiki [Husain Feizhan — a Master of Tatar Education, History and Pedagogy]. Nizhny Novgorod: Medina.
26. Mukhetdinov, D. V. (2023). Islam in Indonesia: The Renovationist Movement. Moscow: Medina. (In Russ). (In press).
27. Mukhetdinov, D. V. (2022). Rossijskoe musul’manstvo: v poiskah politicheskoj sub’ektnosti [The Muslims of Russia: Searching for Political Subjectivity]. Moscow: Eksmo.
28. Mukhetdinov, D. V. (2023). Theology of Renewal. Moscow: Medina. (In Russ) (In press).
29. Mukhetdinov, D. V. (2017). Obnovlencheskoe dvizhenie v Indonezii: zhizn’ i uchenie Nurholisa Madzhida [The Renewal Movement in Indonesia. Life And Works of Nurcholish Madjid]. Islam v sovremennom mire. 2017. Vol. 13, Iss. 3. Pp. 47–66.
30. Roy, O. (2018). Globalizirovannyj islam: v poiskah novoj ummy [Globalized Islam. The Search for a New Ummah]. Moscow: Marjani.
31. Senyutkina, O. N. (2018). Dzhadidizm kak chast’ rossijskogo islamskogo diskursa (sovremennye istoriograficheskie ocenki) [Jadidism as a Part of Russian Islamic Discourse (Contemporary Historiographic Evaluations)]. Islamovedenie. 2018. Vol. 9, Iss. 2. Pp. 15–29.
32. Shaltut, M. (2021). Islam: verouchenie i zakon [Islam: Dogma and Law]. Moscow: Medina.
33. Usmanhojaev A. (2008). Zhizn' muftiev Babahanovych: sluzhenie vozrozhdeniyu Islama v Sovetskom Soyuze [Muftis Babakhanov's Life: Serving Islamic Revival in the Soviet Union]. Nizhni Novgorod: Medina.
34. Usmanov, M. A. (1980). Zavetnaya mechta Husaina Faizkhanova. Povest’ o zhizni i deyatel’nosti [The Cherished Dream of Husain Feizhanov. A Tale about Life and Work]. Kazan: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo.
35. Validov, J. (1998). Essays on the History of Education and Literature of the Tatars. Moscow: Iman.
36. Voll, J. (1983). Renewal and Reform in Islamic History: Tajdid and Islah. Edited by J. Esposito J. Voices of Resurgent Islam. 1983. New York; Oxford. Pp. 32–47.
Review
For citations:
Mukhetdinov D.V. Jadidism as a New Type of Religiousity: Essay on Preliminary Conceptualization. Islam in the modern world. 2022;18(4):43-64. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2022-18-4-43-64