Between Permissibility and Prohibition: A Fiqh Research on Cashback
https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2022-18-3-105-124
Abstract
This research is focused on “cashback” — a service that partially refunds the cardholder for purchases, which is widely used in Russia as a certain benefit program. Given its variety, the Muslim community does not have a complete understanding of the permissibility or prohibition of this bonus program. Based on the fatwa analysis of contemporary jurists and ulama councils, a conclusion is made about the admissibility of using cashback benefits provided by stores. Also, the use of diff erent types of bank cards and the degree of cashback permissibility in them in modern Russia are clarified.
About the Author
M. V. KovalevaRussian Federation
Maryam V. KOVALEVA, member of the Ulems Council of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation, member of the Research Committee of the European Council on Fatwas and Research, chairman of the Council on Fatwas of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Karelia
100, Muezerskaya Str., Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185002
References
1. ‘Azhibna A. (2013) Fatava va tavsiyyat al-hajiyyat al-shari‘iyyah li vahdat majmu‘at al-baraka al-masrifi yyah [Fatwas and Recommendations of Shari‘a Committees Affi liated to Al-Baraka Financial Holding]. 440 p.
2. Al-Nawawi Y. (2000). Nuzhat al-muttaqin. Sharh riyad al-saliheen [Walk of the Righteous. Explanation of “The Meadows of the Righteous”]: In 2 volumes. Beirut: Al- Risala. 1433 p.
3. Al-Nadwa A. (1991). Al-qawa’id al-fi qhiyya [Canonical Rules]. Damascus: al-K alam. 565 p.
4. Al-Qal‘aji M. (1996). “Mu‘jam Lughat al-Fuqahaʼ” [Dictionary of Islamic Legal Terminology]. Beirut: Dar an-N afa’is.
5. Al-Sa‘di A. (2002). Risala fi al-qawa‘id al-fiqhiyya [Research on the Rules of Fiqh]. Riyadh: Adwa’ al-salaf. 349 p.
6. Buhuth fi qhiya fi qadaya iqtisadiya mu‘asara [Researches in Contemporary Economic Issues] (n. d.). Jordan: an-Nafais. Vol. 2. 1061 p.
7. Gabdrashitov A. M. (2017). Cashback real and virtual. Questions of science and education. 2017. No. 11 (12). Pp. 125–127.
8. Dar al-iftaʼ al-misriyya. (2021). Suʼalat al-аqalliyat [Muslim Minority Issues]. 750 p.
9. Zaripov I. (2018). Dzhadidistskaya ekonomika: tatarskie religioznye reformatory nachala XX v. o rostovshchichestve i bankah [Jadid Economy. Tatar Religious Reformers of the Early 20th Century on Usury and Banks].
10. Gosudarstvo, religiya, cerkov’ v Rossii i za rubezhom. 2018. Iss. 3. Pp. 42–59.
11. Ibn Qudamah (1992). Al-M ughni [The Enricher]. Cairo: Hajr. Vol. 6. 695 p.
12. Qararat majlis al-ifta’ va al-buhuth va al-dirasat al-islamiyyah li al-mamlaka al-urdunij ja al-hashimij ja [Decision of the Fatwa Department of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan] (2015). Jordan: Da’irat al-ifta’ al-‘am. 513 p.
13. Al-mavsu‘a al-fi qhiyyah al-kuwaitiyyah [The Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence] (1983). Kuwait: Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Aff airs. Vol. 22. 349 p.
14. Majlis al-uruba lil buhus wa al-ifta’. Kararat wa fatawa [European Council for Fatwas and Research. Decrees and Fatwas] (2002). Cairo: Al- Sayyida Zainab. At-tawzi‘ wa al-nashr al-islamiya. 183 p.
15. Mazurina T. Yu. (2013). Investicionnyj kredit kak dolgosrochnyj bankovskij produkt: specifi cheskie svojstva i klassifi kaciya [Investment Loan as the Long- Term Bank Product: Traits and Ranks]. Finansy i kredit. 2013. Iss. 38(566). Pp. 7–15.
16. Medvedeva M. B. (2010). Bankovskie karty [Bank Cards]. Mir novoj ekonomiki. 2010. Vol. 4(10). Pp. 22–26.
17. Ogorodnikova E. P., Jafarova A. G. (2020). Perspektivy i osobennosti razvitiya keshbek- servisov [Prospects and features in the development of “cashback services”]. Epocha Nauki. 2020. No. 22. Pp. 148–151.
18. Postanovleniya i rekomendacii Soveta Islamskoj akademii pravovedeniya (fi kkha) ‒ fetvy [Decisions and Recommendations (Fatwas) of Union of the Islamic Fiqh Academy] (2003). Moscow: Ladomir. 278 p.
19. Sabiq S. (2001). Fiqh al-sunna [Understanding of the Sunna]. Riyadh: al- Rushd, 2001. Vol. 1. 719 p.
20. Semenihin V. V. (2007) Bankovskie karty [Bank Cards]. Buhgalter i zakon. 2007. Iss. 5(101). Pp. 21–33.
21. Su’alat al- aqalliyyat Dar al- Ifta’ al- Misriyyah [Fatwas on Muslim Minorities from Egyptian Dar al-I fta’] (2021). 750 p.
22. Fatawa kibar ‘ulama’ al-A zhar al-sharif wa al-majami‘ al-fi qhiyyah hawla riba al-bunuk wa al-masarif [Fatwas of the Great Scholars of al-Azhar University and the Academy of Fiqh on Bank Usurious Interest and Transactions] (2010). Cairo: al- Yusr. 136 p.
23. Supreme Council for Religious Aff airs in the Republic of Turkey. Fatwas. Ankara: Edition of Turkish Religious Aff airs Offi ce, 2021. 591 p.
24. Hajrova R. A., Galnykina S. M. (2020). Specifi ka keshbeka. Molodoj uchenyj. 2020. Iss. 1(291). Pp. 123–125.
25. Shari‘a standards. Standard No. 2. Debit and credit cards (2010). Manama: Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI).
26. Elʼgajtarov A.A. (2018). Potrebitel’skoe kreditovanie v Rossii [Consumer Lending in Russia]. Vestnik magistratury. Iss. 12–2(87). Pp. 102–103.
Review
For citations:
Kovaleva M.V. Between Permissibility and Prohibition: A Fiqh Research on Cashback. Islam in the modern world. 2022;18(3):105-124. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2022-18-3-105-124