Preview

Islam in the modern world

Advanced search

“Applied Orientalism” in Soviet Central Asia

https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2024-20-2-129-150

Abstract

The projects and epistolary legacy of Soviet Marxist Orientalists in the 1920s are a poorly studied part of the intellectual history of Russian science. It is important to note that in the early USSR, the study of the “Orient” was associated with the ideological necessity of the Bolsheviks, who considered science like a tool for modernizing not only the former outskirts  the Russian Empire, but also the whole world. This research is devoted to the activities of the All-Union Scientifi c Association of Oriental Studies in Central Asia. Paid a special attention to M. P. Pavlovich who was the initiator of association and the magazine “New Orient”. The paper found that association employers were engaged in economic, political and cultural projects in the region, including the national-territorial demarcation of Central Asia, as well as archaeological research and restoration of ancient monuments. 

About the Author

D. V. Melentev
National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Russian Federation

Daniil V. Melentev, Lecturer, Faculty of Humanities, School of Historical Sciences

11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 109028



References

1. Abashin S. N. (2007). Nacionalizmy v Srednej Azii: v poiskah identichnosti [Nationalisms in Central Asia: in Search of Identity]. Saint Petersburg: Aletejya. 304 p.

2. Becker S. (2024). Rossiya v Centralnoj Azii. Buharskij emirat i Hivinskoe hanstvo pri vlasti imperatorov i bolshevikov, 1865–1924 [Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924]. transl. from English by E. A. Gonzalez-Menendez. Moscow: Centrpoligraf. 351 p.

3. Borozdin I. (1927). Izuchenie kultur sovetskogo Vostoka [Study of Cultures of the Soviet Orient]. Novyj Vostok. No 19. Pp. IL–LX.

4. Borozdin I. (1928). M. P. Pavlovich i Vsesoyuznaya nauchnaya associaciya vostokovedeniya [M. P. Pavlovich and the All-Union Scientifi c Association of Oriental Studies]. Pamyati M. P. Pavlovicha (Veltmana): sb. statej. Moscow: Izd. NAV pri CIK SSSR. Pp. 47–55.

5. Brojdo G. I. (1922). Nasha turkestanskaya politika i anglij skaya zhurnalistika [Our Turkestan Politics and English Journalism]. Novyj Vostok. No 2. Pp. 75–82.

6. Brojdo G. I. (1924). Nacionalnyj i kolonialnyj vopros [The National and Colonial Question]. Moscow: Moskovskij rabochij . 128 p.

7. Vallerstajn I. (2006). Mirosistemnyj analiz: vvedenie [World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction]. transl. from English by N. Tyukinoj. Moscow: Territoriya budushego. 248 p.

8. Vyatkni V. L. (1926). Afrasiab. Gorodishe bylogo Samarkanda. Arheologicheskij ocherk [Afrasiab. The Ancient Settlement of Samarkand. An Archaeological Essay]. Tashkent: Izd. Narkomprosa UzSSR. 65 p.

9. Gorshenina S. M. (2013). Turkomstaris-Sredazkomstaris-Uzkomstaris: formirovanie institucij i etnocentricheskij razdel kulturnogo naslediya Srednej Azii [Turkomstaris-Sredazkomstaris-Uzkomstaris: the Formation of Institutions and the Ethnocentric Section of the Cultural Heritage of Central Asia]. Etnografi cheskoe obozrenie. No 1. Pp. 52–68.

10. Gurko-Kryazhin V. A. (1925). Poezdka v Zakavkaze i Srednyuyu Aziyu [Trip to Transcaucasia and Central Asia]. Novyj Vostok. No 7. Pp. 363–375.

11. Denike B. (1927). Termez (Raboty ekspedicii Muzeya vostochnyh kultur v 1927 g.) [Termez (Works of the Expedition of the Museum of Oriental Cultures in 1927)]. Novyj Vostok. No 19. Pp. 208–223.

12. Denike B. (1927). Iskusstvo Srednej Azii [The Art of Central Asia]. Moscow: Centralnoe izdatelstvo narodov SSSR. 92 p.

13. Zasypkin B. N. (1925). Izuchenie drevnih sooruzhenij Srednej Azii [The Study of Ancient Buildings of Central Asia]. Novyj Vostok. No 10–11. Pp. 257–270.

14. Zasypkin B. (1931). Pamyatniki monumentalnogo iskusstva sovetskogo Vostoka [Heritage of Monumental Art in Soviet Orient]. Moscow: Academia. 49 p.

15. Zashuk S. (1928). Torgovlya Srednej Azii s sopredelnymi stranami Vostoka [Trade of Central Asia with Neighboring Countries of the Orient]. Novyj Vostok. No 20–21. Pp. 218–240.

16. Zubrek K. (1923). Zemledelie i irrigaciya Horezma v svyazi s voprosom ekonomicheskogo obedineniya sredneaziatskih respublik [Agriculture and Irrigation of Khorezm in Connection with the Issue of Economic Unifi cation of the Central Asian Republics]. Novyj Vostok. No 3. Pp. 208–219.

17. Isakova M. S. (2009). Nechkin i stanovlenie gosudarstvennoj arhivnoj sluzhby Uzbekistana (1917–1923 gg.) [D. I. Nechkin and the Formation of the State Archival Service in Uzbekistan (1917–1923)]. Otechestvennye arhivy. No 6. Pp. 8–14.

18. Kadio Zh. (2010). Laboratoriya imperii: Rossiya/SSSR, 1860–1940 [Laboratory of the Empire: Russia/USSR, 1860–1940]. transl. from French by E. Kustovoj. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 336 p.

19. Kagarlickij B. Yu. (2010). Ot imperii — k imperializmu. Gosudarstvo i vozniknovenie burzhuaznoj civilizacii [From Empire to Imperialism. The State and the Emergence of Bourgeois Civilization]. Moscow: Izd. dom Gos. un-ta — Vysshej shkoly ekonomiki. 680 p.

20. Kotlyarevskij S. (1922). Pravovye dostizheniya Rossii v Azii [Legal Achievements of Russia in Asia]. Novyj Vostok. No 1. Pp. 34–44.

21. Kuznecova N. A., Kulagina L. M. (1983). Vsesoyuznaya nauchnaya associaciya vostokovedeniya 1921–1930 (k 60-letniyu so dnya osnovaniya) [All-Union Scientifi c Association of Oriental Studies 1921–1930 (to the 60th Anniversary of its Foundation)]. Stanovlenie sovetskogo vostokovedeniya: sb. statej. Moscow: Nauka. Pp. 131–163.

22. Levin A. G. (1923). Finansy Horezma [Finances of Khorezm]. Novyj Vostok. No 4. Pp. 250–257.

23. Müller M. (2020). Razyskivaya Globalnyj Vostok: myshlenie mezhdu Severom i Yugom [In Search of the Global East: Thinking between North and South]. Sociologicheskoe obozrenie. Vol. 19. No 3. Pp. 19–43.

24. Pavlovich M. P. (1918). Chto takoe imperializm? [What is Imperialism?] Petrograd [St. Petersburg]: Zhizn i znanie. 173 p.

25. Pavlovich M.P. (1918). Aziya i ee rol v mirovoj vojne [Asia and its Role in the World War]. Petrograd [St. Petersburg]: Novaya zhizn. 71 p.

26. Pavlovich M. (1922). Zadachi Vserossij skoj nauchnoj associacii vostokovedeniya [Tasks of the All-Russian Scientifi c Association of Oriental Studies]. Novyj Vostok. No 1. Pp. 3–15.

27. Prospekt izdatelstva «Novyj Vostok» Nauchnoj associacii vostokovedeniya pri CIK SSSR [Prospect of the Publishing House «New Orient» of the Scientifi c Association of Oriental Studies at the Central Executive Committee of the USSR] (1926). Moscow: Mospoligraf. 31 p.

28. Pugachenkova G. (1976). Termez, Shahrisyabs, Hiva [Termez, Shakhrisyabs, Khiva]. Moscow: Iskusstvo. 206 p.

29. Skalov G. (1923). Hivinskaya revolyuciya 1920 goda [Khiva Revolution of 1920]. Novyj Vostok. No 3. Pp. 241–257.

30. Skachko A. (1923). Vostochnye respubliki na sel’skokhoziaistvennoi vystavke SSSR v 1923 godu [Eastern Republics at the Agricultural Exhibition of the USSR in 1923]. Novyj Vostok. No 4. Pp. 482–493.

31. Starkov K. (1924). Turkestano-kitajskij vodnyj put [Turkestan-Chinese Waterway]. Novyj Vostok. No 5. Pp. 185–189.

32. Starkov K. (1924). Karavannye puti i karavan-sarai v Srednej Azii [Caravan Routes and Caravanserais in Central Asia]. Novyj Vostok. No 6. Pp. 196–204.

33. Solovejchik D. (1922). Revolyucionnaya Buhara [Revolutionary Bukhara]. Novyj Vostok. No 2. Pp. 272–288.

34. Tolz V. (2013). «Sobstvennyj Vostok Rossii»: politika identichnosti i vostokovedenie v pozdneimperskij i rannesovetskij period [Russia’s Own Orient: The Politics of Identity and Oriental Studies in the Late Imperial and Early Soviet Periods]. transl. from English. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 336 p.

35. Ustav Vserossij skoj nauchnoj associacii vostokovedeniya pri Narodnom komissariate po delam nacionalnostej [The Charter of the All-Russian Scientifi c Association of Oriental Studies at the People’s Commissariat for Nationalities] (1983). Stanovlenie sovetskogo vostokovedeniia: sb. statei [The Formation of Soviet Oriental Studies: coll. of articles]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. Pp. 168–173.

36. Khalid A. (2021). Natsional’no-territorial’noe razmezhevanie Srednei Azii [National-Territorial Delimitation of Central Asia]. Islam v Rossii i Evrazii XVI–XXI vv. (pamiati Dmitriia Iur’evicha Arapova) [Islam in Russia and Eurasia in the XVI–XXI centuries (in memory of Dmitry Yuryevich Arapov)]. SPb.: Aleteiia. Pp. 395–415.

37. Hodorov I. (1925). Nacionalnoe razmezhevanie Srednej Azii [National Demarcation of Central Asia]. Novyj Vostok. No 8–9. Pp. 65–81.

38. Shamukaramova F. (2009). Rol V. L. Vyatkina v izuchenii i sohranenii pamyatnikov kultury Samarkanda [V. L. Vyatkin’s Role in the Study and Preservation of Cultural Monuments of Samarkand]. O’zbekiston tarixi. No 3. Pp. 46–51.

39. Shamukaramova F. (2015). Problemy organizacii ohrany i restavracii pamyatnikov kultury Uzbekistana v 1917–1924 gody [Problems of the Organization of Protection and Restoration of Cultural Monuments of Uzbekistan in 1917–1924]. O’zbekiston tarixi. No 1. Pp. 78–88.

40. Shamukaramova F. (2022). K istorii pervoj sovmestnoj arheologicheskoj ekspedicii Muzeya vostochnyh kultur i Turkomstarisa v Termeze: simbioz uchenyh [On the History of the First Joint Archaeological Expedition of the Museum of Oriental Cultures and Turkomstaris in Termez: Symbiosis of Scientists]. Vzglyad v proshloe. Vol. 5. No 11. Pp. 11–20.

41. Sherstyukov S. A. (2020). “Raskreposhenie” musulmanskih zhenshin v Centralnoj Azii: strategii soprotivleniya i sposoby adaptacii (1920– 1930-e gg.) [“Emancipation” of Muslim Women in Central Asia: Strategies of Resistance and Ways of Adaptation (1920s–1930-s)]. Narody i religii Evrazii. No 4 (25). Pp. 148–160.

42. Shtejnberg E. (1927). Vostokovedenie v Sovetskom Soyuze [Oriental Studies in the Soviet Union]. Pravda Vostoka. No 274. P. 2.

43. Gorshenina S., Tolz V. (2016). Constructing Heritage in Early Soviet Central Asia: The Politics of Memory in a Revolutionary Context. Ab imperio. No 4. Pp. 77–115.

44. Kemper M. (2009). The Soviet Discourse on the Origin and Class Character of Islam, 1923–1933. Die Welt des Islams. Vol. 49. Iss. 1. Pp. 1–48.

45. Kemper M. (2010). Red Orientalism. Mikhail Pavlovich and Marxist Oriental Studies in Early Soviet Russia. Die Welt des Islams. Vol. 50. Iss. 3/4. Pp. 435–476.

46. Morrison A. (2009). “Applied Orientalism” in British India and Tsarist Turkestan. Comparative Studies in Society and History. Vol. 51. Iss. 3. Pp. 619–647.

47. Tolz V. (2009). Imperial Scholars and Minority Nationalisms in Late Imperial and Early Soviet Russia. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. Vol. 10. Iss. 2. Pp. 261–290.


Review

For citations:


Melentev D.V. “Applied Orientalism” in Soviet Central Asia. Islam in the modern world. 2024;20(2):129-150. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2024-20-2-129-150

Views: 204


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2074-1529 (Print)
ISSN 2618-7221 (Online)