On Jizya as a Motive for the Tabuk Expedition: on the Ayat 9: 28–29
https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2023-19-4-51-66
Abstract
This publication continues the critical study (started in the fourth issue of the journal for 2019) of the dominant thesis in traditional Islamic political and legal theology about Jizya as a tribute from Non-Muslims, allegedly established by the Prophet Muhammad. In the first part of the publication presented in this issue, the traditions about the descent of verses 9: 28–29 (especially 9: 29, later known as the “Jizya verse”) as the reason for the Prophet’s establishment of the Tabuk expedition are subjected to a formal (hadithological) and substantive analysis. The exploration is conducted in line with the Reformist Modernist discourse, focusing on the disclosure of the truly humanistic spirit of prophetic Islam and the pacifist pluralistic attitude of the Qur’anic message.
About the Author
T. K. Ibrahim
Institute of Oriental Studies of Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tawfiq K. IBRAHIM, D. Sci. (Philos.), principal research scientist, Centre of Arabic and Islamic Studies
12, Rozhdestvenka Str., Moscow, 107031
References
1. [Abu Dawud] (2009). Sunan Abī-Dāwūd. Vol. 4. Damascus-Beirut: Dār ar-Risāla al-‘ālamīyya. 716 p.
2. Abu Hayyan (1993). Tafsīr al-Bahr al-muhīt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘ilmīyya. 536 p.
3. al-Asqalani (1980). Ta‘rīf ahl at-taqdīs bi-marātib al-mawsūfīn bi-t-tadlīs. Amman: Maktabat al-Manār. 80 p.
4. al-Asqalani (1991). Taqrīb at-Tahdhīb. Aleppo: Dār ar-Rashīd. 788 p.
5. al-Asqalani (2000). Fath al-Bārī bi-sharh Sahīh al-Bukhārī. Vol. 8. Riyadh: Dār as-Salām. 975 p.
6. al-Asqalani (2014). Tahdhīb at-Tahdhīb. Vol. 2. Beirut: Mu’assasat ar-Risāla. 644 p.
7. [al-Bagawi] (1989). Tafsīr al-Bagawī (Ma‘ālim at-tanzīl). Vol. 4. Riyadh: Dār Tība. 398 p.
8. al-Bayhaqi (1985). Dalā’il an-nubūwwa. Vol. 5. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyya. 589, 418 p.
9. al-Bayhaqi (2003). As-Sunan al-Kubra. Vol. 9. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘ilmīyya. 616 p.
10. [al-Bukhari] (2002). Sahīh al-Bukhārī. Damascus-Beirut: Dār Ibn-Kathīr. 1944 p.
11. al-Hmidan I.A. (1999). As-Sahīh min asbāb an-nuzūl. Beirut: Mu’assasat ar-Rayyān. 374 p.
12. al-Humaydi (2002). Al-Jāmi‘ bayna as-Sahīhayn. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dār Ibn Hazm. 591 p.
13. Ibn Abu Hatim (2018). Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘azīm. Vol. 8. Dammam: Dār Ibn al-Jawzi. 944 p.
14. Ibn Ashur (1984). Tafsīr at-Tahrīr wa-t-tanwīr. Vol. 10. Tunis: ad-Dār at-Tunisīyya li-n-nashr. 301 p.
15. Ibn al-Athir (2016). Jāmi‘ al-usūl fī ahādīth ar-Rasūl. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dār Ibn-Kathīr. 810 p.
16. [Ibn Hisham]. As-Sīra an-nabawīyya li-Ibn-Hishām. Vol. 2. Beirut: Mu’assasat ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān; Jiddah: Dār al-Qibla. 766 p.
17. Ibn Kathir (1997). Al-Bidāya wa-n-nihāya. Vol. 7. Cairo: Dar Hajar. 690 p.
18. Ibn Kathir (1999). Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘azīm. Vol. 4. Riyadh: Dār Tība. 617 p.
19. [Ibn Maja](2003). Sunan Ibn Māja. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 1080 p.
20. Ibn Sad (2001). Kitāb at-Tabaqāt al-kabīr. Vol. 2. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī. 342 p.
21. Ibrahim T. (2015). Koranicheskij gumanizm [Quranic humanism]. Moscow: Medina. 576 p.
22. Ibrahim T. K. (2021). Ob istorichnosti Nadzhranskogo dogovora o dzhizje: datirovka, al’ternativnye versii [On Historicity of the Najran Treatise on Jizya: Dating and Alternative Versions]. Islam v sovremennom mire. 2021. Vol. 17. Iss. 2. Pp. 27–48.
23. Jizya // Al-Mawsū‘a al-fi qhīyya. Vol. 15. Kuwait: Wizārat al-awqāf wa-shshu’ūn al-islāmīyya, 1989. Pp. 149–207.
24. аl-Majlisi (1983). Bihār al-anwār. Vol. 21. Beirut: Dār Ihiā’ at-turāth al-‘arabī. 417 p.
25. [Mujahid] (2005). Tafsīr Mujāhid. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘ilmiyya. 392 p.
26. [an-Nasai] (2015). Sunan an-Nasā’ī. Riyadh: Dār al-Hadāra. 992 p.
27. al-Qurtubi (2006). Al-Jāmi‘ li-ahkām al-Qur’ān. Vol. 10. Beirut: Mu’assasat ar-Risāla. 519 p.
28. [Muslim] (2000). Sahīh Muslim. Riyadh: Dār as-Salām. 1488 p.
29. as-Suyuti (2002). Asbāb an-nuzūl. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Kutub ath-Thaqāfīyya. 367 p.
30. as-Suyuti (2003). Ad-Durr al-mansūr fi at-tafsīr bi-l-ma’thūr. Vol. 7. Cairo: Markaz Hajar. 725 p.
31. [at-Tabari]. Tafsīr at-Tabarī (Jāmi‘ al-bayān ‘an ta’wīl āy al-Qur’ān). Vol. 6. Cairo: Maktabat Ibn-Taymīyya. 638 p.
32. at-Tabarsi (2006). Majma‘ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān. Vol. 5. Beirut: Dār al-Murtada. 365 p.
33. [at-Tirmidhi] (2005). Sunan at-Tirmidhī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘arabī. 1231 p.
34. al-Wadii M.H. (2004). As-Sahīh al-musnad min asbāb an-nuzūl. Sanaa: Maktabat San‘ā’ al-atharīyya. 286 p.
35. al-Wahidi. Asbāb an-nuzūl. Dammam: Dār al-Islāh. 488 p.
36. al-Waqidi. Kitāb al-Maghāzī. Vol. 1–3. Beirut: ‘Ālam al-kutub, 1966. 1321 p.
37. [al-Ya‘qubi] (2010). Tārīkh al-Ya‘qūbī. Vol. 1. Beirut: Sharikat al-A‘lamī li-l-matbū‘āt. 459 p.
Review
For citations:
Ibrahim T.K. On Jizya as a Motive for the Tabuk Expedition: on the Ayat 9: 28–29. Islam in the modern world. 2023;19(4):51-66. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2023-19-4-51-66
Views:
254
Email this article 