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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">islam</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ислам в современном мире</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Islam in the modern world</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-1529</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medina Publishing Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22311/2074-1529-2018-14-1-71-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">islam-571</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗ ИСТОРИИ РОССИЙСКИХ МУСУЛЬМАН</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA’S MUSLIMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ШАРИАТ ПО-СОВЕТСКИ: УШИР-ЗАКЯТ В СИСТЕМЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1920-Х ГГ. (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ АДЫГЕИ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE SOVIET SHARI‘A. USHIR-ZAKYAT IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN THE FIRST HALF OF 1920S (CASE OF ADYGEYA)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефляшева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neflyasheva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нефляшева Наима  Аминовна - кандидат исторических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник Центра цивилизационных и региональных исследований.</p><p>123001, Москва, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Naima A. Neflyasheva - Cand. Sci. (Hist.), associate professor, senior researcher, Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies.</p><p>30/1, Spiridonovka Str., Moscow, 123001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">innef@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт Африки РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Studies<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нефляшева Н.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нефляшева Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neflyasheva N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://islamjournal.idmedina.ru/jour/article/view/571">https://islamjournal.idmedina.ru/jour/article/view/571</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается практика передачи ушир-закята крестьянским комитетам общественной взаимопомощи (ККОВам) в Адыгее (Адыгейской автономной области) в первой половине 1920-х гг. Эта новая советская практика анализируется в контексте становления государственной системы социальной взаимопомощи, а также изменения социального статуса служителей мусульманского культа в 1920-е гг. Выделяются причины непопулярности комитетов крестьянской общественной взаимопомощи у адыгов, а также причины неприятия новой практики со стороны мусульманского духовенства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with the practice of transferring the Ushir-Zakat to peasant committees of public mutual assistance in Adygea in the ﬁ rst half of the 1920s. The author analyzes the new Soviet practice in the context of the formation of the state system of social mutual assistance, as well as changes in the social status of the Muslim clergy in the 1920s. The author outlines the reasons for the unpopularity of peasant community mutual assistance committees among the Adygs, as well as the reasons for the rejection of new practices by the Muslim clergy. It is emphasized that the transfer of Ushir-zakat was not so much a means of replenishing the funds of mutual aid committees, but rather a tool for limiting the inﬂ uence of the clergy. Non-payment of zakat is characterized as a hidden form of protest against the anti-religious policy of the state and collectivization. Throughout the campaign for the transfer of the Ushir-Zakat to KKOV, the emphasis was on the economic component of the Ushir, its transfer to KKOV was seen as the liquidation of the economic dependence of the poor from the clergy, thereby emasculating the spiritual meaning of one of the “pillars of Islam” that prescribes to help the poor and needy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>Северный Кавказ</kwd><kwd>революция</kwd><kwd>Адыгея</kwd><kwd>шариат</kwd><kwd>ушир-закят</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>North Caucasus</kwd><kwd>Adygeya</kwd><kwd>Sharia</kwd><kwd>Revolution</kwd><kwd>Ushir-Zakat</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиев У. Карачай (Карачаевская автономная область). Историко-этнологический и культурно-экономический очерк. 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