This paper considers the current challenges in the field of modern Muslim education. The author suggests that it is Qur’anic humanism — an idea of a reasonable and creative approach to the world  that should be placed at the centre of the educational system. This thesis goes back to Jadidist ideas about Islam as a ‘science-based religion’, i.e. a religion that integrates both the Revelation and scientific knowledge. The author believes that the renovation of the Muslim educational system should take into consideration the following three traditions that solely Russian Muslims are capable of bringing together: the traditions of classic Islamic education, the traditions of domestic theological schools and the traditions of European science. At the present stage, Muslims are in need of working out a comprehensive strategy for the development of an education system. Therefore, this issue requires a great deal of discussion among Muslim intellectual elites.