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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">islam</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ислам в современном мире</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Islam in the modern world</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-1529</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medina Publishing Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22311/2074-1529-2025-21-4-117-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">islam-1194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ИСЛАМА В РОССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF ISLAM IN RUSSIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Институт шариатских судов в Советской Кабарде как элемент государственно-исламских отношений в 1917–1930-е гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Institution of Sharia Courts in Soviet Kabarda as an Element of State-Islamic Relations in the 1917–1930s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5199-0882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сижажев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizhazhev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>СИЖАЖЕВ Алим Сарабиевич — ст. преп.; аспирант</p><p>360016, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика, г. Нальчик, ул. Калюжного, д. 8</p><p>357532, Ставропольский край, г. Пятигорск, просп. Калинина, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alim S. SIZHAZHEV, Senior lecturer; Postgraduate student</p><p>8, Kalyuzhny St., 360016, Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic</p><p>9, Kalinin Ave., 357532, Pyatigorsk, Stavropol Krai</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2007alim07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ОО ВО «Северо-Кавказский Исламский университет имени Имама Абу Ханифы»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Пятигорский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">North Caucasus Islamic University named after Imam Abu Hanifa;&#13;
Pyatigorsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сижажев А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сижажев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sizhazhev A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://islamjournal.idmedina.ru/jour/article/view/1194">https://islamjournal.idmedina.ru/jour/article/view/1194</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена комплексному анализу трансформации института шариатского судопроизводства в Кабарде в 1917–1930-х гг. как элемента советской национальной и религиозной политики на Северном Кавказе. Исследование основано на широком круге архивных источников, включающих документы местных и центральных органов власти, протоколы судебных заседаний и статистические материалы. В работе выявлены основные этапы эволюции государственно-исламских отношений: от первоначального прагматического признания шариатских судов в условиях Гражданской войны до их систематического ограничения и полной ликвидации к концу 1920-х гг. Особое внимание уделяется анализу противоречий советской правовой политики, сочетавшей тактические уступки со стратегическим курсом на унификацию правового пространства. Исследование демонстрирует, что, несмотря на формальную ликвидацию шариатских судов, исламская правовая культура сохранила влияние на неформальном уровне. Сформирован вывод о том, что процесс трансформации шариатского судопроизводства отражал общую логику советского государственного строительства, характеризовавшегося последовательным ужесточением религиозной политики и целенаправленным искоренением религиозных правовых практик к началу 1930-х годов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of the institution of Sharia courts in Kabarda from 1917 to the 1930s as an element of Soviet national and religious policy in the North Caucasus. The study is based on a wide range of archival sources, including documents from local and central authorities, court transcripts, and statistical materials. The research identifies the main stages of the evolution of state-Islamic relations: from the initial pragmatic recognition of Sharia courts during the Civil War to their systematic restriction and complete elimination by the end of the 1920s. Special attention is given to the analysis of contradictions in Soviet legal policy, which combined tactical concessions with a strategic focus on unifying the legal space. The study shows that, despite the formal liquidation of Sharia courts, Islamic legal culture retained its influence at an informal level. It is concluded that the process of transformation of Sharia judicial proceedings reflected the general logic of Soviet state-building, characterized by a consistent tightening of religious policy and the targeted eradication of religious legal practices by the early 1930s.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шариатские суды</kwd><kwd>советская правовая политика</kwd><kwd>государственно-исламские отношения</kwd><kwd>Кабарда</kwd><kwd>правовой плюрализм</kwd><kwd>секуляризация</kwd><kwd>Северный Кавказ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Sharia courts</kwd><kwd>Soviet legal policy</kwd><kwd>state-Islamic relations</kwd><kwd>Kabarda</kwd><kwd>legal pluralism</kwd><kwd>secularization</kwd><kwd>North Caucasus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Государственный архив Российской Федерации (ГА РФ). Ф. Р-3316. Оп. 21. Д. 1054. 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